Relationship between prenatal and postnatal conditions and accelerated postnatal growth. Impact on the rigidity of the arterial wall and obesity in childhood.

Restricted growth in utero and accelerated postnatal growth (APG) in the postnatal period have been associated with the development of overweight, obesity and an increased cardiovascular risk in childhood. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of prenatal and perinatal conditions on APG and to evaluate the influence of this APG on different cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure (BP) and arterial wall stiffness [carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV)]. All measurements were performed in 355 children (185 boys and 170 girls; 8-11 years). Data on mother weight before and during pregnancy, gestational age (weeks), birth weight (g) and breastfeeding of children were obtained through interviews with families. Children who presented APG were born of mothers with lower BMIs before pregnancy and who gained less weight during the second trimester of pregnancy. They also have a lower gestational age and birth weight, a shorter duration of breastfeeding and a longer duration of artificial feeding (AF). Later in childhood, they had higher values of cf-PWV, BMI, FMI and higher prevalence of hypertension. Low maternal gestational weight gain, inadequate fetal development (low birth weight, shorter gestational age) and reduced breastfeeding duration favor APG. Infants with such APG had higher values of cf-PWV, BP, BMI and FMI later in childhood, along with a higher risk of hypertension and obesity. The interaction between APG and a longer duration of AF had a negative effect on cf-PWV (arterial stiffness) and FMI.

La Sanidad Militar española durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. Una aproximación histórica. Antecedentes, Guerra Civil - "Método Español" y Proyección Internacional - Autogiro de Juan de la Cierva / Spanish Military Healthcare in the first half of the 20th century. A historic approach. Background, Civil War, "Spanish Method" and International Projection- Juan de la Cierva's Autogyro

La Sanidad Militar es una parte esencial dentro del organigrama de cualquier ejército. Dentro de España, ha sido desarrollada hasta nuestros días, con un impulso forzado durante los conflictos bélicos, especialmente la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Con unos claros antecedentes, derivados de su propia historia y experiencias, la Sanidad Militar durante la Guerra Civil desarrolló y puso en práctica nuevas técnicas sanitarias como el "Método Español". Junto a lo anterior, una de las mayores innovaciones de orígen español será la invención, en 1920, del autogiro de Juan de la Cierva. Predecesor de los helicópteros, esta aeronave fue puesta al servicio de la Aviación Sanitaria europea y mundial. Todas las innovaciones, militares y sanitarias, surgidas en España durante el conflicto civil, tendrán un reflejo y aplicación en los diferentes países europeos, sobre todo en la II Guerra Mundial. Dicha contribución generalmente ha pasado desapercibida dentro de nuestras fronteras, pero no así en ámbito internacional donde son ampliamente reconocidas personalidades como Juan de la Cierva o el Doctor J. Trueta i Raspall

The military health is an essential part within the organization of any army. In Spain, it has been developed to the present day, with momentum forced during armed conflicts, especially the Civil War (1936-1939). With a clear background, derived from its own history and experiences, the military health during the Civil War developed and implemented new sanitary techniques such as the "Spanish method". Along with the above, one of the major innovations of Spanish origin was the invention, in 1920, of Juan de la Cierva's autogiro. Predecessor of the helicopters, this aircraft was at the service of European health and global aviation. All the innovations, both military and health, arising in Spain during the civil conflict, had a reflection and application in different European countries, especially during World War II. This contribution has generally gone unnoticed within our borders, but not at international level where Juan de la Cierva or Doctor J. Trueta i Raspall are widely-recognized figures